How to Do Critical Analysis (If You Want Better Marks)

Why markers expect analysis, not description

Markers already know what’s in your lecture notes, readings, and set texts. Description shows you’ve read the material. Analysis shows you’ve thought about it — and that’s what earns higher marks in academic writing.

What counts as description (and why it won’t improve your grades)

Description is anything your marker could find out simply by reading the same source. Examples:

• summarising the article

• repeating definitions

• outlining the author’s argument

• listing key points

You need some description, but it won’t get you into the higher grade bands.

What counts as analysis (the part that improves your marks)

Analysis is everything the source doesn’t give you directly. Examples:

• how the idea relates to other readings

• what assumptions or blind spots the author has

• whether the evidence is strong or limited

• how the idea applies in real contexts

• what the implications or consequences are

This is the what markers reward when they’re deciding distinctions and HDs.

The shortcut test: description or analysis?

Ask yourself: “Could my marker find out everything I’m saying just by reading the same source?” If yes → it’s description. If no → it’s analysis.

This one question instantly tells you whether you’re doing higher‑order thinking.

Quick ways to shift into analysis 

• Compare the reading to another source

• Evaluate the strength of the evidence

• Identify assumptions or gaps

• Apply the idea to a real example

• Question implications or limitations

These moves immediately improve the quality of your writing — and your marks.

Want help improving your grades with better analysis?

If you’re struggling with uni writing or want personalised feedback, you can book a tutor. We’ll help develop your submissions with strong analysis.